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  <article id="post-【转帖】尖团音-箭-zian-不是剑-jian" class="article article-single article-type-post" itemscope itemprop="blogPost">
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      【转帖】尖团音--箭(zian)不是剑(jian)
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      <p class="article-byline">
        <a href="/2015/03/16/【转帖】尖团音-箭-zian-不是剑-jian/" class="article-date">
  <time datetime="2015-03-16T08:05:01.000Z" itemprop="datePublished">2015-03-16</time>
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        <p>转自：<a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/563271.htm?fr=ala0_1_1" target="_blank" rel="external">http://baike.baidu.com/view/563271.htm?fr=ala0_1_1</a><br>尖团音基本介绍尖音和团音的合称。尖音指z、c、s声母拼 i、u或i、ü起头的韵母，团音指j、q、x声母拼i、u或i、ü起头的韵母。有的方言中分别“尖团”，如把“尖、千、先”读作ziān、ciān、 siān，把“兼、牵、掀”读做jiān、qiān、xiān。<br>普通话语音中不分“尖团”，如“尖=兼”jiān，“千=牵”qiān，“先= 掀”xiān。昆曲所谓尖团音范围还要广写，z、c、s和zh、ch、sh的分别也叫尖团音，如“灾”zāi是尖音，“斋”zhāi是团音，“三”sān 是尖音，“山”shān是团音。<br><a id="more"></a><br>尖音和团音的概念最早出自清人《圆音正考》的序言。《圆音正考》成书于1743年，即乾隆八年，是专为纠正尖音舌面化（尖团合流）的语病，分辨尖团音而写的。其序言说： “试取三十六字母审之，隶见溪群晓匣五母者属团，隶精清从心邪五母者属尖，判若泾渭，与开口、闭口、轻唇、重唇之分，有厘然其不容紊者，援辑斯篇，凡四十 八音，为字一千六百有奇。每音各标国书（满文、满族称满文为国书）一字于首，团音在前，尖音居后”。从这段序言可以知道，所谓团音，就是见系齐摄呼的读 音，其声母等于现代舌面音jqx,如基ji欺qi希xi；所谓尖音，就是精系字齐摄呼的读音，其声母近似现代舌尖音zcs（精系舌尖音的发音是舌尖抵下齿 背），如积zi七ci西si。 尖团音由来什么是尖团合流呢？尖团合流又叫尖音舌面化，就是把尖音字读成团音，也就是把声母为zcs的齐摄呼的读音改为声母为jqx的舌面音，如把尖千仙（zian cian sian）改读为坚牵掀（jian qian xian）.<br>分尖团是汉语的一大特点，也是汉语高度精密的表现。自从有汉字，就分尖团音。这从“剑”和“箭” 两个字上可以推知；剑和箭都是古代常用兵器，而且都是在文明初期即造字时代常用的兵器。我们的 祖先在造字时，是决不会让这两种同时存在的最常用的兵器完全同音的。如果完全同音，要说“拿jian来”，是让人们去拿剑呢，还是去拿箭呢？（补充一下， 剑和箭在比较远古的时候连声母韵母都很不一样，剑是g声母m韵尾，箭是z声母n韵尾，但北方话mn合流，以及声母近似化后，才出现了尖团来区别）还能准确 地表情达意吗？就象小学的班主任老师给学生起学名，或者象父母给自己的孩子起乳名，能让两个学生或两个孩子完全同名吗？由此推知，我们的祖先造字时，是剑 箭不同音，尖团音有别的。经过几千年的历史沿革，仍然是剑箭不同音，尖团音有别。自从东汉末年开始用反切给汉字注音，更充分说明了这一点。如剑的切脚字是 “居欠”（jian），箭的切脚字是“子贱“（zian）.从梁的《切韵》、宋的《广韵》、《集韵》、清的《康熙字典》、民国时期的《中华大字典》，直到 1932年，所有用反切注音的字书、韵书，无不是尖团分明的。即使是反映近代北方话实际语音的中、外字书，如元代的《中原音韵》，明代的《韵略易通》、 《等韵图径》、《西儒耳目资》，清代的《五方元音》、《邮政式拼音方案》等，也都是分尖团的。只在1932年《国音常用字汇》颁行以后，才正式砍掉了尖音，搞了尖团合流。</p>
<p>【非言】以前剑箭会在常见场合冲突，所以剑箭要区分，现在好像冲突的场合很少，合流应该也可以吧。千和牵很少冲突吧，尖和兼也是吧，问题是要验证所有尖音和所有团音都很少冲突才好，普通话推广到现在好像也没觉得日常生活中因为重音而有多么的不便吧，似乎证明尖团合流是正确的？另，好像北方地区的箭的发音用zian表示有问题，似乎像dzian。</p>

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